A And V Pattern Squint
They are usually associated with oblique dysfunction either overaction or paresis. Esotropia designates a convergent horizontal strabismus.
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Esophoria
Although it is classically used to include a and v patterns the term has been expanded to include additional vertically incomitant horizontal strabismus.
A and v pattern squint. A v pattern strabismus authorstream presentation. Exotropia designates a divergent horizontal strabismus. Pattern strabismus is relatively common in strabismus practice.
For inferior oblique overaction with a significant v pattern 15 or more prism diopters the inferior oblique muscles may be weakened at the time of horizontal surgery. Exotrpoia with v patterns. A v pattern results in greater exotropia or less esotropia in upgaze and greater esotropia or less exotropia in downgaze.
Horizontal deviations are subdivided further into comitant and incomitant deviations also referred to as concomitant and noncomitant respectively. If exotropia is atleast 15 prism diopter more in up gaze 25 degree up than the down gaze 35 degree then it called as v pattern exotropiafig123 causes of v pattern strabismus. Not all v pattern strabismus is associated with oblique muscle dysfunction.
A and v patterns describe horizontal strabismus that is vertically incomitant 1 and is characterized by a substantial change in the horizontal deviation from the midline position in upgaze as compared to downgaze. A and v patterns of strabismus are changes in the horizontal deviation as the patient looks up and down. Horizontal deviations can be divided into 2 broad categories as follows.
Similarly a case of v pattern in divergent strabismus v exotropia may be confused with divergence excess type of exotropia. Aetiology horizontal school ithas been found that there occurs an elevation or depression upon adduction and this is a common feature in a and v pattern villascea shared a view that although some vertical elements could be present the pattern strabismus could be treated with the horizontal surgery only. Ivsymptom and sign routine ophthalmology examination general appearance va bcva cycloplegic correction ocular motility alignment palpebral orbital disorder pupillary reaction anterior segment posterior segment especially optic nerve macula torsion binocular status contrast sensitivity color vision visual.
Inferior oblique muscle overaction. Facial and orbital configuration. Intermittent exotropia may be associated with inferior or superior oblique overaction and thus a and v pattern.
A case of convergent squint showing a v pattern may be mistaken as a case of accommodative convergence excess type of deviation and vice versa. Hence the deviation should be measured in 3 sets of position. Ivsymptom and sign.
This article reviews the clinical features etiopathogenesis and surgical options for the patients with pattern strabismus.
A V Pattern Strabismus
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